The focus on using clean and renewable energy has been leading people to install solar panels on their rooftops around the world. In India, the government is working hard to encourage rooftop solar system for homes with the PM Surya Ghar Scheme introduced in February. This guide gives a detailed look at the current situation, the government’s efforts and the advantages of having solar panels on roofs.
How Does the Rooftop Solar System for Home Work?
Here is how a solar system works to generate electricity:
Step 1: Solar panels on your roof capture sunlight.
Step 2: The panels convert sunlight into Direct Current (DC) electricity.
Step 3: An inverter changes DC electricity to the Alternating Current (AC). The electricity passes to the electrical panel of the home through the inverter.
Step 4: The AC electricity powers your home appliances.
Step 5: If you produce more power than you use, the extra electricity goes to the grid.
Step 6: At night or on cloudy days, you can use electricity from the grid.
What are the Key Components of Rooftop Solar Panel Systems?
Here are the main components of rooftop solar system:
- Solar Panels: Capture sunlight and convert it into electricity.
- Inverter: Converts DC electricity from the panels into AC electricity for your home.
- Mounting Structure: Holds the solar panels securely on your roof.
- Batteries (Optional): Store excess electricity for use when there is no sunlight.
- Net Meter: Measures the electricity you send to and receive from the grid.
- Cables and Wiring: Connect all the components together.
- Monitoring System: Tracks the performance and energy production of your system.
What are the Types of Rooftop Solar Systems for Home?
Following are the 3 types of solar systems you can install in your house:
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On-Grid Systems
On-grid solar systems are connected to the public electricity grid and do not include battery storage. They allow homeowners to export excess power back to the grid. The cost of a 3 kW on-grid system is around Rs.1,90,000 to Rs.2,30,000. A subsidy of up to Rs. 78,000 per kW is available under the PM Surya Ghar Scheme for on-grid solar panel systems only.
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Off-Grid Systems
Off-grid solar systems are completely independent of the public grid and rely on battery storage to provide power. They are ideal for remote areas without access to electricity. The cost of a 3 kW off-grid system ranges around Rs.2,38,000 to Rs.3,26,000.
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Hybrid Systems
Hybrid solar systems combine solar power with battery storage and are connected to the grid. They provide backup power during outages and optimise energy usage. The cost of a 3 kW hybrid system is approximately around Rs. 2,81,500 to Rs. 3,36,000.
Get detailed solar panel installation cost and make an informed decision before switching to solar.
What are the Benefits of Rooftop Solar System for Home?
Adopting rooftop solar systems offers numerous advantages for homeowners:
- Cost Savings: A 1 kW rooftop solar system can generate approximately 120 units of electricity per month, potentially saving you around Rs. 12,000 annually. Government subsidies and incentives further enhance the financial benefits.
- Energy Independence: Solar system produces electric power, reduce dependence on the grid and provide a reliable energy source. Off-grid and hybrid rooftop systems have batteries which lowers the grid reliance, especially in areas with frequent power cuts.
- Environmental Impact: Solar energy is a clean, renewable resource. Using it helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels, contributing to a healthier environment.
- Increase in Property Value: With solar installation in home, you can ensure increase in your property value at a higher inflation rate compared to those without solar. This is due to the long-term cost savings and environmental benefits associated with renewable energy.
Installation Process for Rooftop Solar System for Home
The process of installing a rooftop solar system involves several steps:
- Site Assessment: A professional evaluates your rooftop to determine its suitability for solar panel installation. Consider factors like roof orientation, shading and structural integrity.
- Design and Permitting: A customised system design is created based on your energy needs and site conditions. Necessary permits and approvals need to be obtained from local DISCOM.
- Installation: Empanelled vendors install solar panels and related equipment on your rooftop. The process typically takes a few days to complete.
- Inspection and Commissioning: The system is inspected and tested after installation to ensure it meets all safety and performance standards. Once approved, it is connected to the grid or a battery storage system depending on the solar system type.
Which Type of Solar Panel Is Best for Home Use?
When choosing solar panels for your home, consider efficiency, cost, and the specific needs of your installation. Here are the prominent types of solar panels:
- Mono PERC Solar Panels:
- Efficiency: 17-21%
- Price: Rs.11000 – Rs. 12000 per panel
- Half-Cut Mono PERC Solar Panels:
- Efficiency: 21-22.5%
- Price: 12000 – Rs.13000 per panel
- Top-Con Solar Panels:
- Efficiency: 22-24%
- Price: Rs.14000 – Rs. 15000 per panel
Current Rooftop Installation Situation
According to Invest India report, India generates 85.47 GW of solar power as of June 2024.
Despite this, the nation fell short of its ambitious target of 40 GW of rooftop solar installations by 2022. Recognising the gap, the Indian government extended the deadline to March 2026.
Subsidy Scheme for Rooftop Solar System for Home
Announced in the Union Budget of 2024, PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana aims to provide up to 300 units of free electricity per month to households with rooftop solar installations. Currently, India has an installed capacity of 12.9 GW of rooftop solar systems under this scheme.
The solar panel installation subsidy offered under the PM Surya Ghar Scheme varies based on the capacity installed:
- 1 kW: Rs. 30,000
- 2 kW: Rs. 60,000
- 3 kW and above: Rs. 78,000
This reduces your significantly and makes the rooftop solar system for your home affordable.
Rooftop solar systems for homes offer a viable and sustainable solution to India’s growing energy needs. While the country has faced challenges in meeting its ambitious targets, government initiatives and incentives are paving the way for increased adoption.
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